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Despite recommendations not to test or treat strep in patients under age 3, 1-year-olds are tested 8.1% of the time and 2-year-olds are tested 13.7% of the time in encounters with respiratory-related symptoms.  

Patients with type 2 diabetes who are prescribed liraglutide have a 179% higher likelihood of developing non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), while those prescribed insulin have an 86% greater likelihood compared to patients who were prescribed other diabetes medications. No significant association was found between semaglutide or dulaglutide and NAION. 

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib) who are prescribed direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have lower rates of ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, arterial embolism, and pulmonary embolism compared to those treated with warfarin. 

Diabetic patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease are more likely to have average HbA1c values less than 6.5% or more than 8% in the five years prior to their Alzheimer’s diagnoses than diabetic patients not diagnosed with Alzheimer’s.

Telehealth care for patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF) is not associated with an increased likelihood of emergency department (ED) visits or hospital admissions related to CHF compared to in-person care.

Patients with an average LDL below 90 mg/dL have an increased likelihood of being diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (MI) compared to those with an average LDL of 100-109 mg/dL.

Patients with a documented penicillin allergy are more likely to also have allergies to other antibiotics than those without an allergy to penicillins. Patients with penicillin allergies were three times more likely to also have an allergy to cephalosporins or carbapenems. 

Compliance with barcode scanning for medication administration (BCMA) is higher when using a mobile device for scanning compared to scanning with standalone barcode scanner devices.

Among patients aged 18 to 50, the prevalence of asthma, COPD, pneumonia, shingles, influenza, sepsis, gastritis, and pancreatitis did not increase in 2023 compared to 2019. 

Patients with their adenoids removed have an 18% increased rate of sinusitis and a 6% increased rate of otitis media compared to those who have not had their adenoids removed.  

Black patients receive opioids at a lower rate than Hispanic and White patients during pain-related visits in the emergency department (ED), regardless of vital sign readings.

Babies born to non-diabetic mothers prescribed glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) medications in the 90 days before pregnancy are 21% more likely to be admitted to the NICU than babies born to mothers not prescribed weight loss medications.

Patients who have undergone a tonsillectomy exhibit lower rates of subsequently being diagnosed with influenza, otitis media, strep throat, and sinusitis compared to those who have had tonsillitis without a tonsillectomy.

One in four patients who started a glucagon-like peptide-receptor agonist (GLP-1) medication at a BMI of 40 or higher doubled their weight loss one year after discontinuing semaglutide or liraglutide. 

Patients aged 75 to 84 with elevated blood pressure (systolic 120-129 mmHg and diastolic 70-79 mmHg) did not have an increased likelihood of ischemic stroke or heart attack (myocardial infarction) compared to those within the currently defined normal blood pressure range.

Patients who receive intravenous (IV) antibiotics with colon surgery have a 12% reduced likelihood of being diagnosed with a surgical site infection (SSI) following the surgery compared to those who did not receive IV antibiotics for their surgery. However, no significant difference was observed in the rate of SSI following rectal surgery. 

Both girls and boys are reaching their peak growth spurt about a year younger than previously reported, at around 10.5 years old for girls and 12.8 years old for boys compared to previously reported peaks at 11.5 and 13.5 years old, respectively. 

The prevalence of ischemic stroke does not significantly differ between atrial fibrillation patients treated with a left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) procedure alone, LAAC with anticoagulation, and anticoagulation alone in the first five years post treatment initiation.

The use of oral antibiotics for acne treatment declined from 41% to 27% of prescriptions between 2017 and 2023, while the prescription of spironolactone for acne treatment increased from 27% to 47% of prescriptions in the same period.

Patients’ risk of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection is more than double after appendix removal compared to their risk prior to their appendix removal.